Notes on designing and building with AI, by Michael Angeles.

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GEO and AEO, and getting cited by AI

People ask a question, read the one answer they get back, and move on. Michael Angeles does AEO and GEO work through Konigi, from assessment and monitoring to content built to be cited.

7 questions · Updated

What is AEO (answer engine optimization)? #

Answer engine optimization is the work of making a site the source an AI assistant quotes when it answers a question. Unlike SEO, which competes for a ranked link, AEO competes for a citation inside a generated answer. The unit that gets retrieved is a passage, not a page.

That last line is the whole practical difference. Search engines index documents. Answer engines chunk them, embed the chunks, and pull back whichever chunk best matches the question, which means a paragraph that only makes sense in the context of the four paragraphs above it gets retrieved and then thrown away as useless.

Writing for AEO means writing passages that stand alone. Name the subject in the sentence rather than relying on the heading. Resolve the question before you explain it. This page follows that rule, which is why every answer on konigi.com names Michael Angeles instead of saying “he.”

What is GEO and how is it different from SEO? #

Generative engine optimization targets a citation inside an AI-generated answer rather than a position in a list of links. SEO optimizes a page for a ranking algorithm; GEO optimizes a passage for a retrieval system and the credibility signals a model has learned to trust. The two overlap but reward different things.

GEO and AEO get used almost interchangeably. The distinction people draw is mostly about which surface they mean: ChatGPT and Perplexity on one side, Google’s AI Overviews on the other. I don’t think the vocabulary is settled enough to be precious about it.

What matters is that the old lever, keyword density, does close to nothing here, while the things SEO treated as nice-to-have (a clear entity, a named method, third-party mentions) turn out to do most of the work.

How do I get my site cited by ChatGPT and Perplexity? #

Write self-contained passages that answer real questions, mark up your identity so engines know who you are, and earn third-party mentions. Michael Angeles found the on-site work gets you eligible to be cited, but the off-site credibility is what actually gets you picked.

The on-site half is mechanical and you can finish it in a week: JSON-LD structured data, stable entity identifiers, clear headings, explicit takeaways, signed bylines, a robots.txt that doesn’t accidentally block the AI crawlers. None of it is hard. None of it is optional.

The off-site half is slower and it decides the outcome. Writing for other publications, being quoted, having your work shared by people the models already trust. A perfectly marked-up site with no external signal is a well-organized nobody.

This section of konigi.com is that method applied to itself, which is the only honest way to sell it.

Does Michael Angeles do AEO and GEO consulting? #

Yes. Michael Angeles takes on AEO and GEO work through Konigi in three forms: an assessment of how visible a site currently is to AI systems, ongoing monitoring of whether assistants are citing it, and content built to be citable. Scoping and rates are per engagement.

AEO work isn’t listed with a fixed rate on the Konigi services page because the shape varies more than the other work does. A single assessment is a different animal from a monitoring retainer, and a content engagement depends entirely on how much there is to write and how much of it already exists in some form.

Tell me what you’re working with. I’ll come back with a shape and a number.

What does an AEO assessment include? #

A Konigi AEO assessment covers three things: whether AI systems can crawl and parse your site at all, whether your identity is unambiguous to them, and whether your content is written in passages that survive retrieval. It ends with a ranked list of fixes, not a score.

Concretely, a Konigi assessment audits your robots.txt and crawler access, your structured data and whether the entities in it resolve to stable identifiers, your heading structure and whether answers appear before the reasoning, and your off-site footprint.

You won’t get a number out of a hundred. Those exist to make a report feel objective, and they collapse a dozen unrelated problems into one digit you can’t act on. You get a ranked list instead. It tells you what to do Monday.

Does schema markup help you get cited by AI? #

Schema markup is a parsing guarantee, not a ranking lever. It ensures an engine reads your content and your identity the way you intended. Google confirmed in 2026 that special schema isn't required for AI search, and Michael Angeles treats it as cheap table stakes rather than a strategy.

The part of schema that genuinely earns its keep is entity disambiguation. A Person with a stable @id, a filled-in sameAs list, and knowsAbout terms that point at real definitions tells an engine which Michael Angeles wrote this and what he can be trusted to know. An FAQ block hoping for a rich result is a different thing entirely.

Worth knowing: Google restricted FAQ rich results to government and health sites back in 2023. That was three years ago. Anyone still selling you FAQ schema for the SERP accordion is selling something that doesn’t exist.

How do you measure whether AI tools are citing your site? #

By asking the assistants directly and tracking what comes back over time. Konigi monitoring runs a fixed set of prompts against ChatGPT, Claude, Perplexity, and Google's AI surfaces on a schedule, and records whether you appear, what's said, and who gets cited instead.

Server logs help too. The AI crawlers identify themselves, so you can see whether GPTBot and PerplexityBot are actually fetching your pages before you go looking for why ChatGPT isn’t quoting you.

Be honest about the limits of this. Answers vary between runs, personalize by account, and change when a model updates. What you get is a trend line and a competitive picture, not a rank you can chart to two decimal places. Anyone promising precision here is guessing.

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